Towards a Sustainable Blue Economy: Prospects and Challenges for Marine Fisheries in Bangladesh’s Bay of Bengal

Abstract

Bangladesh’s Bay of Bengal and its 118,813 km² Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) play a vital role in ensuring national food security and economic growth. The blue economy was introduced in 1994. It offers significant opportunities for sustainable development through marine fisheries, shipbuilding, coastal tourism, as well as renewable energy. This study analyzes the prospects and challenges of developing a sustainable blue economy in Bangladesh is crucial for sustaining economic growth in line with SDG 14 (Life Below Water). For analyzing the data, the study uses secondary data from government reports, international databases, and relevant literature. To assess economic contributions, employment potential, as well as marine resource utilization, a descriptive analytical approach was applied. The findings show strong growth potential in shipbuilding, fisheries, coastal tourism, as well as renewable energy. It will benefit from generating employment and poverty reduction in coastal regions. The findings reveal that inadequacy in infrastructure, limited capacity in research, overfishing, and environmental degradation are the major barriers to sustainable marine development. To address these challenges, the study recommends establishing an inter-ministerial Blue Economy Coordination Council and adopting a national Marine Spatial Planning framework. Investment in marine research infrastructure, like a fisheries research vessel and promotion of public–private partnerships in renewable energy, along with biotechnology, are essential. Strengthening data systems, stakeholder participation, and regional cooperation will ensure inclusive and climate-resilient blue growth for Bangladesh.